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Contact Person:
R. Bruce Thompson
Director CNDE
115 ASC 11
1915 Scholl Road
Iowa State University
Ames, IA 50011-3042
thompsonrb@cnde.iastate.edu
(515) 294-7864
(515) 294-7771 (fax)
Profile of Institution
Iowa State University (ISU) is
a major research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States of
America. The university was founded more than a century ago as one of the
nation's first land-grant universities, dedicated to the idea that higher
education ought to be open to all, practical and shared with people
outside the campus.
Iowa State grew from
agricultural roots and has a long-standing well-earned reputation for
scientific and technological advances in agriculture, veterinary medicine,
home economics, science, and engineering. Over the past century, it has
grown into a research university of international stature, with excellent
programs not only in scientific and technical fields, but in the
humanities and arts as well.
Teaching has a very high
priority at Iowa State. Improving undergraduate education is Iowa State's
top goal over the next few years, and the university is backing that goal
with an investment of $10 million in reallocated and new funds.
The Center for Nondestructive
Evaluation (CNDE) is a research center operated at ISU by the Institute
for Physical Research and Technology (IPRT), which administers
interdisciplinary organizations conducting research in the physical
sciences and engineering. CNDE interacts with all the departments of the
College of Engineering, as well as researchers in the Colleges of Liberal
Arts and Sciences, Agriculture, and Veterinary Medicine. CNDE features
state-of-the-art technology that supports development of innovative
techniques and facilitates quantitative NDE measurements. Comprehensive
research facilities are complemented by state-of-the-art commercial
instruments. The NDE testbed houses advanced testing facilities for
ultrasonics, eddy current, and x-ray modalities and is used to validate
the extensive modeling and simulation work done at CNDE. All NDE
modalities are represented and include: ultrasonics, electromagnetics
(eddy current, microwave, and optics), magnetics, radiograph (x-ray and
neutron), penetrants, signal and image processing, thermal, and visual
techniques.
NDE ACTIVITIES
1. Principal Mission of NDE
Activities
CNDE has six major objectives:
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To pursue research in NDE
problems of interest to industrial sponsors
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To increase the number of
students in undergraduate and graduate programs with an emphasis on NDE
engineering and industrially relevant experience
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To establish a major,
national focal point for NDE technology transfer to industry
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To drive the continued
emergence of NDE as a full-fledged, engineering discipline focused on
enhancing product reliability and integrated throughout the life cycle,
starting with design and proceeding through materials selection,
manufacturing, and service
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To lead the international
deployment of these capabilities
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To apply core measurement
expertise to other problem areas where unique capabilities add value,
particularly in the agricultural, biomedical, and electronic areas
.
2. Technological
Environment
CNDE serves organizations at
the state, national and international level. The core of the research
support is a set of 25 large organizations who serve, along with the
National Science Foundation, as sponsors of the Industry/University
Cooperative Research Center (I/U CRC) in NDE. The companies represent a
variety of industries ranging from aerospace and energy to general
manufacturing, complemented by several government agencies. Included are
three companies from abroad as well as numerous U. S. companies with
strong international operations. Within the state, a somewhat different
clientele is served, consisting primarily of smaller manufacturing
organizations whose size precludes a major NDE capability and who come to
CNDE for consultation on specific problems, an activity funded by the
State of Iowa. Educational offerings are strongly guided by the common
needs of the sponsoring industrial organizations.
3. Departments/Centers
Involved in NDE
CNDE is administered by IPRT,
the home of 11 interdisciplinary research and technology development
centers. The work of CNDE is conducted by a mix of faculty, students, and
full-time professional scientists and engineers. Because it is not
directly attached to any particular academic organization, CNDE is able to
draw faculty and students from any academic department. Included are
Physics, Statistics, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aerospace
Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,
Computer Science, Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering,
Agricultural Engineering, Civil and Construction Engineering, and Animal
Sciences. CNDE also has strong ties and collaborative projects with other
research centers within IPRT, including the Ames Laboratory (U. S.
Department of Energy with strong programs in materials science and
analytical chemistry), the Iowa Center for Emerging Manufacturing
Technologies (with strong programs in visualization and virtual reality),
the Microelectronics Research Center and the Microanalytical
Instrumentation Center.
4.
Number of Scientific Personnel in Various Categories
Principal Investigators
Faculty - 15
Adjunct Faculty - 4
Full Time Researchers - 14
Engineers - 8
Postdoctoral Students - 1
Graduate Students - 59
Undergraduate Students - 33
5.
Internet/Networking
To be provided
6. Educational Activities
a. Undergraduate
Materials Science and
Engineering 370. Principles of Nondestructive Testing
3rd Year Undergraduate Course
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Undergraduate Physics
Text: Nondestructive
Testing
Louis Cartz
ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio
Topics: Radiography, ultrasonic
testing, magnetic particle inspection, eddy current testing, dye penetrant
inspection, and other less common techniques. Physical bases of test,
materials to which applicable, types of defects detectable, calibration
standards, and reliability safety precautions.
Materials Science and
Engineering 370L. Nondestructive Testing- Laboratory.
3rd Year Undergraduate Course
30 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisite: Credit or enrollment in MSE 370
Text: None
Topics: Application of
nondestructive testing techniques to the detection and sizing of flaws in
materials and to the characterization of material microstructure. Included
are experiments in hardness, dye penetrant, magnetic particle, x-ray,
ultrasonic, and eddy current testing. Field trips are taken to
laboratories practicing state of the art industrial procedures and
developing next generation techniques. Field trip fee.
Engineering Mechanics 350.
Introduction to Nondestructive Evaluation Engineering
3rd Year Undergraduate Course
45 Hours lecture
Prerequisites: Undergraduate Physics, Strength of Materials,
Differential Equations
Text: None
Topics: Introduction to the
fundamentals of ultrasonic, eddy current, and x-ray testing. The
generation, transmission, scattering, and reception of ultrasonic waves
and x-rays in an NDE inspection. The fields and flaw signals generated in
eddy current testing. Safety issues. The connection between NDE, fracture
mechanics, and reliability. Probability of detection and its impact on
failure. The use of NDE in design.
NDE Minor
The NDE minor consists of a
required course sequence, a selection of two NDE-specific courses, and two
supporting courses. Only two of those courses (or six hours) may be
counted both against the minor and against any other degree requirements.
The remainder are courses the student pursuing the minor must add to his
or her academic program. Required course sequence is a survey lecture and
laboratory on nondestructive testing.
b. Graduate Program
Opportunities for pursuing
graduate (post baccalaureate) work, specializing in NDE, exist in all
departments in the College of Engineering. Although the Graduate College
administers the program, the faculty in each department is free to
establish additional rules and guidelines. Students are allowed to take a
broad variety of courses including those listed below. A thesis is
required in most cases for an MS degree. The Ph.D. program requires the
submission of a dissertation. The minimum number of contact (lecture,
laboratory and research) hours is 450 for'a Masters degree and 1080 for a
Ph.D.
Graduate Courses
Engineering Mechanics 550.
Fundamentals of Nondestructive Evaluation.
45 Hours Lecture, 30 Hours
Laboratory
Prerequisites: Undergraduate Strength of Materials, Partial Differential
Equations
Text: None
Topics: Basic physics of
ultrasonic, radiographic, and electromagnetic NDE measurements. Principles
and uses of other quantitative techniques in nondestructive evaluation.
Signal processing and evaluation methods. Laboratory experiments in
ultrasonics, eddy current, and x-ray radiography methods of NDE.
Engineering Mechanics 574.
Ultrasonic Nondestructive Measurement Principles.
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Undergraduate NDE (Materials Science and Engineering
370), Elasticity, Partial Differential Equations
Text: Fundamentals of
Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation
Lester W. Schmerr Jr.
Plenum Publishing Corp, New York, N.Y.
Topics: Ultrasonic inspection
techniques, underlying theory of elastic wave propagation and scattering.
Transducer modeling and the development of a
complete ultrasonic measurement model.
Fundamental aspects of linear system theory. Application to flaw detection
and sizing.
Engineering Mechanics 518.
Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids.
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Partial Differential Equations
Text: None
Topics: Elastic waves treated
from an analytical and phenomenological standpoint. Introduction to
continuum mechanics. Reflection, transmission at planar interfaces. Guided
waves, including Rayleigh, Lamb, SH, and Stoneley Waves, including fluid-
loading effects. Waves in anisotropic elastic media. Acoustic source
radiation, reciprocity, and diffraction. Material damping.
Electrical Engineering 512.
Advanced Electromagnetic Field Theory 1
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves
Text: Kong, J. A.,
"Electromagnetic Wave Theory", Second Edition, 1990, Wiley-Interscience
Topics: Static electric and
magnetic fields. Solutions of static field problems. Maxwell's equations.
Circuit concepts and impedance elements. Propagation and reflection of
plane waves in isotropic media. Guided electromagnetic waves.
Characteristics of common waveguides and transmission lines. Propagation
in anisotropic media.
Electrical Engineering 513.
Advanced Electromagnetic Field Theory 11
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Advanced Electromagnetic Field Theory I (EE 512)
Text: Kong, J. A.,
"Electromagnetic Wave Theory", Second Edition, 1990, Wiley-Interscience
Topics: Special theorems and
concepts. Plane wave functions. Cylindrical wave functions. Spherical wave
functions. Perturbational and variational techniques.
Electrical Engineering 524.
Digital Signal Processing
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Introductory Digital Signal Processing, Probability and
Statistics
Text: Mitra, Sanjit, K.,
"Digital Signal Processing: A Computer-Based Approach," McGraw-Hill
Topics: Spectral estimation.
Linear prediction: Levinson recursion, lattice structure. Hilbert
transform. Homomorphic signal processing. Multirate signal processing.
Introduction to adaptive signal processing. Design of IIR and FIR digital
filters using error minimization techniques. Time-frequency
distributions. Statistical signal processing. Computer algorithms and
applications of digital signal processing techniques.
Electrical Engineering 528.
Digital Image Processing
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing (EE 524)
Text: Gonzalez & Woods,
"Digital Image Processing," 1992, Addison Wesley
Topics: Image fundamentals.
Image transforms - Fourier, cosine, Karhunen-Loeve. Stochastic models -
autoregression, linear prediction. Enhancement - histogram equalization,
smoothing sharpening. Restoration - Wiener filter, least-squares filter,
maximum entropy. Reconstruction - Radon transform, back projection,
computed tomography, deconvolution. Coding - error free, predictive,
transform. Edge detection. Image compression.
Electrical Engineering 547.
Pattern Recognition
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing (EE 524)
Text: Schalkoff, Robert,
"Pattern Recognition", John Wiley
Topics: Mathematical
formulation of pattern recognition problems and decision functions,
statistical approach, Bayes classifier, pdf estimation, clustering,
algorithms (supervised and unsupervised), learning algorithms and neural
networks, fuzzy recognition systems, feature selection methods, syntactic
approach to pattern recognition.
Electrical Engineering 548.
NDE Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing (EE 524)
Text: None
Topics: Introduction to NDE
methods - electromagnetic, ultrasonic and radiographic, forward and
inverse problems, continuous and discrete time signals, sampling, system
approach to solving forward and inverse problems, deconvolution procedures
and Wiener filtering. Tomographic reconstruction algorithms, signal
classification algorithms, supervised and unsupervised clustering,
deterministic and statistical pattern recognition, feature extraction
methods.
Electrical Engineering 570.
Wavelets in Signal Processing
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Introductory Digital Signal Processing
Text: Gerald Kaiser, "A
Friendly Guide to Wavelets", Birkhauser, 1994
Topics: Function Spaces,
Fourier Transform, Windowed Fourier Transforms, Signal Processing and Time
Frequency Domains, Continuous Wavelet Transforms, Frequency localization
and Analytic Signals, Frames vs. Basis, Discrete Time-Scale Analysis,
Multiresolution Analysis, Subbased Filtering Schemes, Orthogonality
Wavelet Basis.
Electrical Engineering 610.
Special Topics - Computation of EM Fields
45 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites: Advanced Electromagnetic Field Theory I (EE 512)
Text Jianming Jim, "The
Finite Element Method in Electromagnet,cs"
Topics: Electromagnetics,
Classical Methods for Boundary Value Problems - Ritz Method, Galerkin's
Method. Mesh Generation, Shape function; isoparametric Elements, Higher
Order Elements, Nonlinearity, Tran ient Phenomena. Scalar Potential
Formulation for Magnetostatic Problems, Red uced Scalar Potential Method,
Two Potential Method, Fictitious Magnetic Moropo a Method. Vector
Potential Formulation, Uniqueness of Solutions, Problems of Spurious
Solutions and Field Signulanties. Vector Finite Elements or Edge Elements,
c.
Continuing Education Programs
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The recently initiated high
school focused program, supported by funds from NASA and the Iowa Space
Grant Consortium offers educational opportunities for both high school
teachers and students. At the physics teachers workshop, teachers are
introduced to NDE and the application of physics in NDE testing. Plans
are in the works to have the workshop approved for CEU units.
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The CID entitled
'Nondestructive Inspection for Aviation Safety Inspectors' offers an
introduction to the uses of NDE in avation and provides a refresher
course for FAA aviation inspectors in the field. It accompanies the
course by the same title currently offered at the FAA academy. Both the
production of the academy course and the CD were funded by a grant from
the FAA.
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The Center for NDE offers
yearly short courses that are available to the :ponsors of the Center,
These short courses am given following one of the enniannual meetings of
the sponsons of the NSF1IU/CRP. The courses typically are for 20 hours
over a two-and-a-half day period and Continuing Education Units are
earned by the students. Topics covered in the past have included
- Ultrasonic modeling and
simulation
- Eddy Current modeling and simulation
- X-Ray modeling nd simulation
- Signal Processing
d. Meshing with
Vocational training Programs - Collaboration with Community Colleges, Etc
Further information will be
provided
"Community college/university
cooperation in NDE education and articulation," (L. W. Schmerr, D, 0.
Thompson, D. K, Holger co-P's), 7/1/95 - 6/30/98,$296,456.
"North central collaboration
for education in NDE/NDT," ( L. W. Schmerr, D, 0, Thompson , D. K Holger
co-P's), 10/196 - 9/30/99, $ 673,705.
7. Research Activities
Fundamental research is
conducted advancing the state-of-the-art in
Ultrasonics
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conventional
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emat based measurements
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simulation models
Eddy Currents
Radiography
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conventional
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CT
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energy dispersive
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simulation models
Magnetics
Signal Processing
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reural networks
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artificial intelligence
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morphological processing
Life Management
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failure models
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cost- risk analysis
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hazard functions
Applied research is conducted
in the context of specific applications:
Considering inspectability in
design via simulations
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coupling to models of
processing, manufacturing, and failure
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driven by CAD generated
solid models
Aging aircraft
- corrosion
- fatigue
- adhesive bonds
- wheels
- detection of inclusions
during manufacturing
- detection of fatigue inservice
- evaluation of probability of detection
- fundamental ultrasonic properties of titarium
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technology transfer
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education and training
Welding
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simulations of inspection
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determination of probability
of detection
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classification of defects
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inspection at nuclear power
plants
Casting
Steam generators
Pipeline inspection
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algorithms for characterizing
mechanical damage
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velocity induced remote field
techniques
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flaw characterization
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three-dimensional
reconstruction of flaws
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analysis of flux leakage
signals
Inspection of other
structures/materials
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submarine hulls
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adhesive/epoxy mixtures
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piping in nuclear power
plants
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ultra-thin film thickness
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space shuttle engine tubing
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oil tank floors
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beverage cans
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buried land mines
New technique development and
Instrumentation
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scanning acoustic microscopy
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magneto-optic imaging
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image processing hardware and
software
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single and multifrequency
eddy current instruments
8. Links with Industries
Companies sponsoring major
research programs:
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Adolph Coors Company
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AlliedSign'al Propulsion
Engines
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Aluminum Company of America
(Alcoa)
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AT&T
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Babcock and Wilcox
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Caterpillar, Inc.
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Eaton Corporation
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Electric Power Research
Institute (EPRI)
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Electricite de France (EDF)
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General Electric Company
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Herzog Services, Inc.
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Hewlett-Packard Company
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Howmet Corporation
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KAPL, INC. (Knolls Atomic
Power Laboratory)
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Lockheed Martin
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Northrop Grumman Aerospace
Corporation
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Ontario Hydro Percival, Inc.
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Physical Research Inc.
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Pratt & Whitney
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Rosen Engineering
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Samsung Advanced Institute of
Technology
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Sperry Railservice
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Takano Co.
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The Boeing Company
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Turboscope-Vetco
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United Technology Research
Center (UTRC)
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Westinghouse Electric
Corporation
9. Linkage with Other
Organizations
Strong Involvement with
Professional Societies
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American Society for
Nondestructive Testing
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British Institute for
Nondestructive Testing
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Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers
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American Society for
Materials
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TMS
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Materials Research Society
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Compumag Society
Collaboration with
Universities and Research Institutes
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Johns Hopkins University
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Tuskegee University
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Northwestern University
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University of California at
Los Angeles
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North Carolina State
University
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Ohio State University
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University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign
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University of Dayton
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Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
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Arizona State University
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Wayne State University
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University of Maryland
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Southwest Research
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Wichita State University
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Battelle Memorial
10. Funding
Government and Industrial
Consortia
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American Gas Association
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Army Research Office
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Association of American
Railroads
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Edison Welding Institute
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Electric Power Research
Institute
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Federal Aviation
Administration
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National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
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National Institute for
Standards and Technology
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National Science Foundation
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United States Department of
Energy (US DOE)
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United States Department of
Transportation
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United States Navy
Industry
See item 8
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