Moscow Power Engineering Institute
Electrical Engineering and Introscopy Dept.
Kianokazarmennaja 14
MPEI, 111250 Moscow
Russia

1. Member Institution

Center for Computer Nondestructive Evaluation (CCNDE) - Department of
Electrical Engineering & Introscopy, Moscow Power Engineering Institute
(Technical University)

2. Contact Person

Valery P. Lunin, Head of C'NDE
Department of Electrical Engineering & Introscopy
Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)
14 Krasnokazarmennaja
111250 Moscow ,Russia

lunin@eti.mpei.ac.ru
++7 (095) 273-0350
++7 (095) 362-8938 (fax)

3. Profile of Institution

Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI) was founded in 1930 at the same time as world energetics started to develop, and was widened and enlarged with the discovering new energy sources, solving new scientific and technological problems, implementing new methods of energy generating, distributing and consuming.

MPEI is of the same age as the Russian Power Engineering. MPEI now is the largest Russian Power Engineering education and scientific center, the main University in Russia in the field of Power Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Computers' Education. MPEI has the official status of Technical University and it is a Member of International Association of Universities being  really international higher educational institution. In accordance with official rating of the Ministry of General and Professional Education of Russian Federation, the MPEI holds the second place in the list of all technical universities  of Russia.

MPEI has unique educational Heat and Power Plant, which is the first plant of such type in the former Soviet Union; Computer Center and many computer laboratories equipped with large, mini and personal computers of different categories with various peripheral equipment; one of the largest university's scientific and technological Library; Publishing office, which manufacture text-books, manuals, scientific literature; audio-video-computer Russian Language Center; Sport stadium; Swimming pool, some Sport halls for students and teachers. MPEI has its own Center of Space Communication in Russia. It is at one  of the MPEI's centers near Moscow where the first photo-pictures of the planet Venus and opposite side of the Moon were received. All these facilities are available for the students, trainers and researchers.

Now MPEI has 10 common educational faculties and 4 special faculties for training specialists from industry and other educational institutions.

There are more than seventy Departments in MPEI, 550 teaching laboratories for students   and 130 research laboratories, the Institute of Humanities. Now more than 20 000   students are studing at MPEI, including 700 foreign students from 48 countries and more than 1000 post-graduate students (among them 300 foreigners). More than 2000 professors, associated professors and teachers are in the MPEI's educational staff, among them more than 1600 have the Degree of Doctor of Science and Doctor of Philosophy.

The Center for Computer Nondestructive Evaluation (CCNDE) is a part of the Department of Electrical Engineering & Introscopy (EE&I) at MPEI (TU) and funding through the University. Since 1968, the scientific staff of EE&I Department was oriented on conducting fundamental and applied researches, first of all, in magnetic and eddy current nondestructive testing techniques under the direction and support of industry. Since that time, the EE&I Department conducts its work in cooperation with researchers from other departments of MPEI, as to ultrasonic,  radiography and thermal NDT techniques. In that time, first educational programs at the undergraduate and beginning engineering levels were developed by leading professors of Department. Now the EE&I Department offers NDT programs at the Bachelor of Science (4 year), Engineer (4 plus 1 1/2 year), Master of Science (4 plus 2 years) and PhD levels. Every year approximately 15 graduate students are finishing their study for the Engineer or MS degree, and one-two students - for PhD degree.

NDE ACTIVITIES

Principal Mission of NDE Activities

The primary objective for foundation of CCNDE in 1992 was to concentrate main attention on development of such computer technologies that could support innovative approaches for effective application of NDE techniques in a wide spectrum of industries. Some such perspective techniques are represented and include numerical modeling for magnetics, eddy current, thermal inspections; signal and image analysis, and pattern recognition techniques. From other side, this requires from students to have a better understanding of math and science used in the various computer technologies. To meet this requirement, there were developed new educational curricula and some new  undergraduate and graduate courses to keep pace with new technology advances and meet evolving needs of industry. This resulted in increasing number of good students selecting undergraduate and graduate programs with an emphasis on NDE engineering as a full-fledged discipline focused on enhancing product reliability, as well as on possible its application to other problem adjacent areas, particularly in the electrical engineering, biomedical, and computer science areas.

Technological Environment

CCNDE serves organizations, first of all, at the national level. In the past, supporting companies represent a variety of industries ranging from aerospace and energy production, transportation and utilization, to steel/machine manufacturing. Now the situation is changed, and in addition to big companies, the small manufacturing organizations is served through consultation on specific (as a rule, NDE-related) problems.

Departments/Centers Involved in NDE

CCNDE is administered by the Department of EE&I. The work of CCNDE is conducted by a mix of faculty, students, and full-time professional scientists and engineers. Because it is not directly attached to any particular academic organization, CCNDE is able to draw faculty and students from other scientific groups of EE&I Department and other academic department of MPEI. Included are Electrical and Computer Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Nuclear Power Station Engineering, ThermoPhysics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, Electronic Systems Engineering.

Number of Scientific Personnel in Various Categories

Principal Investigators of EE&I Department

• Faculty - 12
• Researchers - 4
• Engineers - 4
• PhD Students - 8
• Undergraduate Students - 15

included those who working in CCNDE

• Faculty - 3
• Researchers - 2
• Engineer - 1
• PhD Students - 5
• Undergraduate Students - 4
• Internet/Networking

Institutional Web Site

http//www.mpei.ac.ru

Center for Computer NDE Web Site

http//eti.mpei.ac.ru

Contact Person for Computer Networking

Alexey Pereverzev
Center for Computer NDE
Department of Electrical Engineering & Introscopy
Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)
14 Krasnokazarmennaja
111250 Moscow Russia

Phone ++7 (095) 273-0350
Fax ++7 (095) 362-8938

E-mail: eagle@eti.mpei.ac.ru

Contact Person for Web Site Content Development and Maintenance

Alexey Pereverzev
Center for Computer NDE
Department of Electrical Engineering & Introscopy
Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)
14 Krasnokazarmennaja
111250 Moscow Russia

Phone ++7 (095) 273-0350
Fax ++7 (095) 362-8938

E-mail: eagle@eti.mpei.ac.ru

Web Site Hardware, Software Information

• Server platform IBM Personal Computer ( Pentium )
• Operating System Microsoft Windows NT 4.0
• Server software IIS (Internet Information Server)
• Type of connection to the Internet
• Local (on campus) IIS
• Institution T-3 (64 Kb/sec line)

Educational Activities

a. Undergraduate

The Department of Electrical Engineering and Introscopy at MPEI (TU) offers an undergraduate educational program in Nondestructive Evaluation that consists of a series of NDE and NDE-related courses that supplements the regular undergraduate engineering physics degree program, which requires that a student takes 3944 contact (lecture, laboratory and research) hours to graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree.

Undergraduate Core Courses

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Physics

Introduction to NDT
28 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites Undergraduate Physics
Text I.N.Ermolov, Y.A. Ostanin, Methods and Tools for NDT, High Education
Publisher, Moscow, 1988

Topics Introduction to the fundamentals of magnetic, eddy current, thermal, optical, ultrasonic, and radiography testing. Physical bases of test, materials to which applicable, types of defects detectable in each technique, calibration standards. The electromagnetic fields and flaw signals generated in magnetic and eddy current testing. The generation, transmission, scattering, and reception of ultrasonic waves and x-rays in inspection. The connection between NDT, fracture mechanics, and reliability. Probability of detection and its impact on failure.

Engineering Information Technologies
34 Hours Lecture
68 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites General Electrical Engineering
Text V.D.Rasevig, Application of P-CAD, MicroCAP and PSpice for  schemotechnical modeling on PCs, Radio and Connection, Moscow, 1992 (in Russian)

Methods for Analysis of Physical Fields
68 Hours Lecture
34 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Theory of Electromagnetic Field
Text None

Measurement and Metrology
78 Hours Lecture
60 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Undergraduate Physics
Text V.N. Malinovsky (reduction), Metrology and measurement technics MPEI, Moscow, 1991 (in Russian)

Measurement Transducers
60 Hours Lecture
15 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Measurement and Metrology
Text V.N. Malinovsky (reduction), Metrology and measurement technics MPEI, Moscow, 1991 (in Russian)

Design of Testing Instruments
48 Hours Lecture
Prerequisites Measurement and Metrology
Text G.A. Kasimov, Basic manufacturing and designing NDT apparatures, MPEI, Moscow, 1989 (in Russian)

Ultrasonic Inspection
60 Hours Lecture
30 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Undergraduate Physics
Text N.P.Aleshin, Methods for ultrasonic testing of metals, Machine-building, Moscow, 1989 (in Russian)

Topics Introduction to continuum mechanics. Ultrasonic inspection techniques, underlying theory of elastic wave propagation and scattering. Reflection, transmission at planar interfaces. Guided waves, including Rayleigh, Lamb, SH, and Stoneley Waves, including fluid-loading effects. Waves in anisotropic elastic media. Acoustic source radiation, reciprocity, and diffraction. Material damping. Transducer design. Application to flaw detection and sizing.

Digital Signal Processing
34 Hours Lecture
17 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites General Electrical Engineering
Text Paul A. Lynn, Introductory Digital Signal Processing with Computer Applications, 1989

Topics Sampling and analog-to-digital conversion. Linear time-invariant systems. Time-domain analysis. Digital convolution. Frequency-domain analysis. Z-transform. Z-plane poles and zeros. Discrete and fast Fourier transforms (DFT and FFT). Design of recursive digital filters. Butterworth and Chebyshev filters. Design of recursive digital filters. Impulse-invariant filters, frequency sampling filters, digital integrators. Design of nonrecursive digital filters. Fourier transform method, truncation and windowing. Von Hann and Hamming windows, digital differentiators. FFT processing spectral analysis, windowing, investigating digital systems, digital filtering by fast convolution, signal segmentation

Numerical Modeling and Design in NDE (Introductory - Static Problems)
28 Hours Lecture
14 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Theory of Electromagnetic Field
Text N. Ida, J.P.A. Bastos, Electromagnetics and calculation of fields, Springer - Verlag, NY, 1992

Topics Maxwell's equations in point and integral forms. Classification of electromagnetic problems. Static applications in electromagnetics. Scalar-potential and vector-potential fields. Variational method for static applications. Functionals involving scalar and vector potentials. Basics of finite element method (formulation, discretization, assemling). Variational approach to finite elements. Applications to axi-symmetric structures and to magnetic fields in anisotropic media. Implementation of nonlinear analysis. Newton-Raphson method. Problems Calculation of calibration curves in direct-current potential drop technique (giving a possibility to optimize the application of DCPD technique to individual specimen). Evaluation of MFL signal due to crack angle and length in ferromagnetic plate (enforcing defect acceptance criteria). Magnetic testing of steel wire ropes (probe design by simulating the effects varying its dimensions and shape).

b. Graduate Program

Opportunities for pursuing graduate (post baccalaureate) work, specializing in NDE, exist in EE&I Departments of MPEI. Students are allowed to take a broad variety of courses including those listed below. A thesis is required in most cases for an MS or Engineering degree. The Ph.D. program requires the submission of a dissertation. The minimum number of contact (lecture, laboratory and research) hours is 1060 for an Engineering degree and 1054 for a Masters degree. Examples of NDE related graduate courses follow.

Graduate Courses

Graduate Program of Study
Master of Science in Nondestructive Testing

Magnetic Inspection
51 Hours Lecture
34 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Theory of Electromagnetic Field
Text V.V. Suchorukov (reduction), Nondestructive testing, volume 3, Electromagnetic inspection, High Education Publisher, Moscow, 1988 (in Russian)

Eddy Current Inspection
34 Hours Lecture
34 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Theory of Electromagnetic Field
Text V.V. Suchorukov (reduction), Nondestructive testing, volume 3, Electromagnetic inspection, High Education Publisher, Moscow, 1988 (in Russian)

Radiographic Inspection
68 Hours Lecture
30 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites
Text I.N.Ermolov, Y.A. Ostanin, Methods and Tools for NDT, High Education Publisher, Moscow, 1988 (in Russian)

Microwave/Thermal/Optical Inspection
68 Hours Lecture
34 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites
Text I.N.Ermolov, Y.A. Ostanin, Methods and Tools for NDT, High Education Publisher, Moscow, 1988 (in Russian)

Digital Image Analysis (Introductory)
34 Hours Lecture
17 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Digital Signal Processing
Text A.K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall (University of California, Davis), 1989

Topics Mathematical preliminaries. Perception. Sampling. Quantization.  Image enhancement point operations; histogram modeling; spatial operations. Evaluation of entropy of a digital image from its histogram. Problems Development of algorithm for enhancing the noisy image by filtering. Sharpening images in the presence of low-level noise by adaptive unsharp masking. Development of algorithm based on contrast ratio mapping to bring out the fault edges in images. Calculation of the following features over small-size window mean, median, dispersion, standard deviation, entropy, skewness, kurtosis. Evaluation a performance of zero-crossing operators on suitable noiseless and noisy images.

Numerical Modeling and Design in NDE
(Advanced - Dynamic Problems)
34 Hours Lecture
17 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Theory of Electromagnetic Field, Numerical Modeling and Design in NDE (Introductory - Static Problems)
Text Nathan Ida, Numerical Modeling in Electromagnetic NDE, Chapman and Hall, London, 1995

Topics Weighted residual methods and its application to dynamic fields. Application to 2D eddy current problems. Higher order isoparametric finite elements. General organization of field computation software pre-processor, processor and post-processor modules. Problems Measurement of thickness of copper coating in holes of printed circuit boards (with influencing factors conductivity, asymmetry, roughness). Magnetic testing of steel wire ropes (probe design by simulating the effects varying its dimensions and shape). Magnetic inspection of steam generator tubing (estimation of magnetite buildup in crevice gap between tube and support plate). Eddy current examination of heat exchanger tubes (identification of defect from geometrical features of structure components).

Digital Image Analysis (Advanced)
28 Hours Lecture
14 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Digital Signal Processing, Digital Image Analysis (Introductory)
Text A.K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall (University of California, Davis), 1989

Topics Image analysis techniques spatial feature extraction; transform features; edge detection; boundary extraction; boundary representation (chain codes, B-spline representation, Fourier descriptors); region representation (run-length codes, quad-trees, projections); shape features (geometry features, moment-based features); structure representation (medial axis transform, morphological processing, morphological transforms); moment representation (moment matching, orthogonal moments, moment invariants); scene matching and detection (image subtraction, template matching and area correlation, matched filtering, direct search methods); segmentation. Problems Calculation of Fourier descriptors and determination of size, location, orientation, and symmetry of an object by its descriptors. Development of vision system for isolating defects such as breakes and leaks in a pathway of printed circuit board.

Computer Tomography
28 Hours Lecture
14 Hours Laboratory
Prerequisites Digital Image Analysis (Introductory and Advanced)
Text G.T.Herman, Image Reconstruction from Projections - The Fundamentals of Computerized Tomogpaphy, New York Academic Press, 1980

Topics Tomography types (Transmission, Reflection, Emission, Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Radon Transform. Back-projection operator. Projection Theorem. Inverse Radon Transform (Convolution back-projection, Filter back-projection methods, Two-dimensional Filtering of Radon Transform). Convolution/Filter back-projection algorithms computer application (Sampling, Choice of filter, Convolution problems, Reconstruction using parallel processor). Fourier Reconstruction (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Algebraic Reconstruction techniques. Three-dimensional Tomography.

Research Activities

The research consists of both fundamental and applied research. Fundamental research is conducted advancing the state-of-the-art in

Modeling tools

• FEM-BEM combination
• adaptation to different shapes
• effective iteration scheme
• optimization
• stochastic approach

Eddy Currents

• pulsed
• single and multiple frequency
• simulation models

• inverse models

Magnetics

• hysteresis loop parameters
• simulation models
• inverse models

Radiography

• computer tomography algorithms

• simulation models

Signal/Image Analysis

• neural networks
• wavelet transform
• morphological processing
• pattern recognition

Biomagnetics

• forward problem
• source localization

Applied research is conducted in the context of specific applications

Aircraft components

• airframes
• corrosion
• fatigue
• adhesive bonds
• detection of fatigue inservice

Welding

• simulations of inspection
• classification of defects
• inspection at nuclear power plants

Steam generators

• classifying and detecting changes in defect signals

Pipeline inspection

• algorithms for characterizing mechanical damage
• velocity induced remote field techniques
• flaw characterization
• three-dimensional reconstruction of flaws
• analysis of flux leakage signals
• piping in nuclear power plants
• thin film thickness

New technique development and Instrumentation

• magneto-optic imaging
• thermal image processing software

Links with Industries

Quite strong relationships exist with some national enterprises, particularly in the nuclear, aviation and steel industries. This interaction with industry keeps research relevant. Regular introductory type seminars have been held at CCNDE in which participants from industry have the opportunity to introduce with typical NDE  methods used in industrial inspection. For individuals already familiar with NDE, workshops are offered to keep participants informed about the latest advances in inspection techniques, to discuss industry needs requiring potential solutions.

Companies - potential sponsors for research programs

• Nuclear Industry
• VNIIAES (design of equipment for power stations)
• CNIITMASH (test of materials for nuclear power stations)
• NIIRT (test of special materials for nuclear power stations)
• PNITI (test of major components)

Aerospace Industry

• RIAM (design of materials for aviation components)
• CAGI (Zhukovsky town, test of aeroplanes)
• NIIGraphite (test of composite materials)
• KB Suchogo (test of aeroplanes)

Nuclear Power Stations

• Kalinin station
• Smolensk station
• Novovoronezh station

Medicine

• CTC (Computer Tomography Center)

• CC (Cardiology Center)

Agriculture

• RNIISH (equipment for agriculture)

Linkage with Other Organizations

There is the strong scientific contact with some Professional Societies, first of all, with Russian Society for Nondestructive Testing, Department for problems of mechanical engineering, mechanics and control processes of Russian Academy of Science, and   Russian Academy for Electrical Engineering Sciences.

Collaboration with Universities and Research Institutes

 

CCNDE collaborates with some universities and research organizations:

• Moscow Scientific Industrial Association 'SPECTRUM'
• Moscow Engineering Physics University
• Bauman High Engineering Technology University
• Moscow Institute for Steel and Alloys (Technical University)

Government and Industrial Consortia

A number of government agencies and industrial consortia supported (at least, in   the past) research programs in CCNDE.